Why Does XOXO Mean Kisses and Hugs?

Whether you end a letter or e-mail with it—or you recognize it from the end of each Gossip Girl episode—“Xoxo” is commonly known to refer to the phrase “Kisses and hugs.” But how did these two inconspicuous letters come to represent that well-known phrase?

不管您是寫(xiě)信或郵件時(shí)結(jié)尾，還是在《緋聞女孩》每一集結(jié)束時(shí)看到，您都知道“XOXO”是表示“親吻和擁抱”的短語(yǔ)。但為什么這兩個(gè)不起眼的字母會(huì)表示親吻和擁抱呢？

One possible explanation is that an “X” is a stylized representation of two mouths kissing, while the “O” represents two pairs of arms coming together to complete a hug. This emoticon-inspired account makes sense, but the true explanations are more likely rooted in religious history.

 一種解釋是，“X”表示正在親吻的雙嘴，而“O”則代表?yè)肀г谝黄鸬膬蓪?duì)手臂。這種表情符號(hào)式的解釋說(shuō)得通，但真正的原因更可能是來(lái)自宗教歷史。

Because many people in the Middle Ages could not read or write, they would sign important documents with an “X, ” which was both a simple mark to make and a reference to the Christian cross. The signee would then kiss the “X” to demonstrate his sincerity and that what was written in the document was true—in much the same way that Christians kissed the Bible to display their belief in Christ. Besides referencing the actual cross itself, the “X” alluded to the early Christian symbol called the Chi-rho—named after combining the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ, ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ.

  中世紀(jì)時(shí)，很多人不會(huì)讀不會(huì)寫(xiě)，所以他們?cè)诤炇鹬匾�文件時(shí)會(huì)使用“X”，這里的 X 既簡(jiǎn)單易寫(xiě)又表示基督教十字架。然后簽署人會(huì)親吻“X”，表明他的真心誠(chéng)意以及文件內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性。這跟基督教徒親吻《圣經(jīng)》以表達(dá)他們對(duì)基督的信仰幾乎是一樣的。除了表示實(shí)際的十字架，“X”在早期基督教符號(hào)中被稱為 Chi-rho，其得名是合并希臘語(yǔ)中表示基督的單詞ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ的前兩個(gè)字母。

Tracing the origin of how the “O” came to represent a hug is more difficult. One possible explanation is that Jewish immigrants, upon arriving in the U.S., used the symbol in place of a signature, similar to the way the “X” was used by Christians. Instead of using an “X, ” which invoked Christ—a figure that did not align with Jewish beliefs—illiterate Jewish people arriving in the U.S. would sign documents with an “O.”

    追溯為何“O”表示擁抱更困難。一種解釋是，與基督教徒使用“X”類似，猶太移民來(lái)到美國(guó)后使用該符號(hào)簽名。不會(huì)讀寫(xiě)的猶太人不用“X”，是因?yàn)?X 會(huì)讓人想到基督，而基督與猶太人的信仰不一致。所以他們簽署文件時(shí)用“O”。

Combined with the familiar Christian use of an “X” signifying the oath sealed with a kiss, the “O” was likely then adapted to mean hugs as an equal representation in the sincerity of the sentiment on notes, letters, or even e-mails.

  就像基督教徒用“X”加親吻起誓，“O”隨后也被用來(lái)表示擁抱，其在記錄、信件、甚至電子郵件上代表相同的真心誠(chéng)意。